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ANA SAYFA                                     Adjectives			Diğer Gramer Konuları
Comparatives Superlatives Too Too Very	As … As Linking verbs So and Such	Adjectives – ing  - ed Enough So … that – Such … that The same Alike Different Similar	Modals, Tenses, adverbial clauses Noun Clauses, If Clauses Articles, Pronouns,Adjectives, adverbs , pronouns, gerund infinitive Relative clause, nouns pronouns Active Passive

 

 

 

Comparatives of Adjectives and Adverbs (Sıfatların ve Zarfların Karşılaştırması)

 

Karşılaştırmalar (comparatives), iki nesneyi karşılaştırırken kullanılır. Genelde bir heceli ya da bazı iki heceli sıfatlardan sonra “daha” anlamına gelen “-er” eki ilave edilir, sonra “-den” anlamına gelen “than” kelimesi kullanılır.

 

·          My father is older than my mother[A1] .             

 

short dirty narrow weak slow long old

+er

shorter dirtier narrower weaker slower longer older

than

 

Sesli harften sonra bir sessiz harfle biten bazı sıfatlarda sondaki sessiz harf iki defa yazılır ve “-er than” eklenir.

 

·          Turkey is bigger than Greece. (Türkiye Yunanistan’dan büyüktür.)

 

wet big sad hot

wetter bigger sadder hotter

than

 

Sonu “-y” ile biten kelimelerde “-y” düşer yerine “-i” gelir ve “-er than” eklenir.

 

·          My bag is heavier than your bag.[A2]                 

 

happy heavy rainy windy thirsty hungry

+ier

happier heavier rainier windier thirstier hungrier

than

         

Sonu “-e” ile biten kelimelere sadece “-r than” eklenir.

 

·          Your house is larger than my house.[A3]     

 

nice large late wide blue

+r

nicer larger later wider bluer

than

 

 

İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” kelimesi kullanılır.

 

• Sedat is more intelligent than me[A4] .
• İstanbul is more expensive than Ankara[A5] .

 

Sonu “-ed, -ing”  ile bitten sıfatlar her zaman “more” kelimesiyle kullanılır.

• More crowded         More tiring   

 

more / less, the most / the least  (daha fazla / daha az, en fazla / en az)

 

İki nesne veya şeyi karşılaştırırken sıfat tek heceli ise “-er” eklenir. İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” , kulanılır. “daha az” anlamını katmak için “less” kullanılır.” Less” hem kısa hem de uzun sıfatlar için kullanılır.

more less

beautiful delicious difficult different exciting expensive important

than

 

 

·          I think men are less patient than women[A6] 

 

·          The last exam is less difficult than the previous one[A7] .

 

·          Your hair is less oily than mine[A8] 

 

 

 

 

“-ly” ile bitten “adverbs” zarflar more kelimesi ile kullanılır.

 

·          Could you please speak more slowly[A9] 

 

·          The computer will, more patiently than any teacher, pay attention to what the student does.[A10] 

 

 

·          My wife drives more carefully than I do[A11] 

 

Not: “early” kelimesi istisnadır.

 

·          He came earlier.[A12] 

 

“-ly” almayan zarflar (soon,hard, late, fast,) ise “-er” takısı ile birlikte kullanılır.

 

·          The person who works harder than anybody else in this company is Sinem.[A13] 

 

·          Why didn't you tell me sooner?[A14] 

 

·          Light travels faster than sound[A15] 

 

·          She came home later.[A16] 

 

Not: “Often” kelimesi istisnadır.

 

·          I stay here more often these days.[A17] 

 

 

Belirli iki şey arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıyorsak “the” kullanılır.

 

 

·          Of these two cars, I would buy the cheaper one.[A18] 

 

·          Taner is the taller of the two brathers.[A19] 

 

·          Salih is the more intelligent of the twins

 

 

Düzensiz çekimler :

 

Good    Better

Bad     Worse

Far     Farther/ Further

Much   More

Many   More

Little   Less (few – fewer)

 

·          The movie was better than I expected[A20] 

 

·          He speaks English better than İbrahim[A21] 

 

·          The new version is worse than the first version[A22] 

 

·          We need more than that.[A23] 

 

·          People must read more.[A24] 

 

·          We must exercise more and eat less in order to be healthy.[A25] 

 

·          I'm quite tired but I can certainly walk a little further[A26] 

 

·          Count your books. I think you have fewer than me.[A27] 

 

Not: “far” kelimesi “uzak” anlamında “Farther/ Further” şeklinde kullanılabilir. Ancak “more” anlamında sadece “Further” kullanılır. “Farther” kullanılmaz.

 

·          I can certainly walk a little further / farther[A28] 

 

·          For further farther information, call 7890[A29] 

 

 

 

Karşılaştırma yaparken bazı zarflar kullanılarak karşılaştırma derecesini azaltabilir ya da çoğaltabiliriz.

 

 

A little / a bit /slightly / somewhat  (biraz)

 

·          Ankara air is a little cleaner than it used to be 10 years ago.[A30] 

 

·          Tenth Planet is slightly larger than Pluto[A31] 

 

·          He is somewhat more confident than she used to be.[A32] 

 

·          Calling from this card is a bit cheaper than from a land line phone[A33] 

 

 

A lot, a great deal, much, many, far ,considerably,even (çok)

 

·          My exam results are a lot better than I expected[A34] 

 

·          Goin out sounds a great deal more interesting[A35] 

 

·          The result is  much more surprising[A36] 

 

·          Surely there must be many more civilian deaths in the blast.[A37] 

 

·          Being a football player is considerably less fun than we think it is[A38] 

 

·          We may sleep even less than we think[A39] 

 

Rather, no, any

 

·          The new one is rather easier to use.[A40] 

 

·          He has eaten no fewer than four hamburgers[A41] 

 

·          It isn’t any better.[A42] 

 

Comparative adjective veya adverb iki defa tekrarlanarak kullanılabilir. Böyle bir kullanım eylemin sürekli değiştiğini vurgulamaktadır.

 

·          There are so many bad films now and less and less people are going to the movies.[A43] 

 

·          The weather gets warmer and warmer these days[A44] 

 

 

·          Software systems become more and more expensive[A45] 

 

The comparative…the comparative… yapısı iki durumun birbiriyle ilişkili olarak değiştiğini belirtmek için kullanılır.

 

·          The more he drank, the more drunk he became.[a46] 

 

·          The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him[a47] 

 

·          The sooner we leave, the sooner we'll get there.[a48] 

 

·          The richer a person is, the happier he is[a49] 

 

“Twice, three/four times, … “ gibi yapılardan sonra “-er than” ya da “ more than” kullanılabilir.

 

·          Why is it two or three times more expensive to get a BMW serviced than a Ford?[A50] 

 

·          Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria[A51] 

 

·          Some 4000 people have died in Afghanistan this year -- four times more than in 2005[A52] 

 

Kişi veya nesnelerin farklı özellikleri karşılaştıralabilir.

 

·          He was more hardworking than clever[A53] 

 

·          It is colder than it was yesterday.[A54] 

 

·          Yesteday, I wrote more letters than I have done today.[A55] 

 

·          Train certainly should be cheaper than it is[A56] 

 

·          I used to play soccer more often when I was young than I do now.[A57] 

 

·          Last year we earned more money than we had expected.[A58] 

 

·          Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria[A59]